charles ii of england
By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Charles II was born at St James's Palace on 29 May 1630. Since Charles had to beg the parliament for money, he struggled with paying his vast pile of bills. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. King William Rufus (1087 – 1100) William II was ‘addicted to every kind of vice, particularly lust and … Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era. Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland. During the Civil War he lived with his father in Oxford 1642–45, and after the victory of Cromwell's Parliamentary forces he was in exile in France. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. As Prince of Wales, Charles's coat of arms was the royal arms (which he later inherited), differenced by a label of three points Argent. Landing at Dover on May 25, he reached a rejoicing London on his 30th birthday. The English republican government collapsed following Cromwell’s death in 1658, and Charles was reinstated to the throne in 1661. Whereas England was a Protestant nation, France had always remained loyal to the Catholic faith. The young king became a fugitive, hunted through England for 40 days but protected by a handful of his loyal subjects until he escaped to France in October 1651. Charles was born in Westminster, London, on May 29, 1630. He residences in the Palace of Whitehall in London. Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685), of the House of Stuart, was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 until his death. King Charles II and His Reign. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By this point, Charles was cynical and self-indulgent, less skilled in governing than in surviving adversity. The focus of King Charles II (Rufus Sewell) is his court, his squabbling family and his glamorous mistresses - from the high-born and promiscuous Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine (Helen McCrory), through folk heroine and sex symbol of the day Nell Gwynne (Emma Pierson), to the French spy Louise de Kéroualle (Mélanie Thierry). 1 Personality 2 Biography 2.1 Charles II 2.2 Season One 3 Notes 4 Historical Facts 5 Gallery N/A Charles II was born under the star of Venus on the 29th of May 1630. The years of his reign are known in English history as the Restoration period. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! So far, his reign had made only modest contributions to England’s commercial advancement. Besides a considerable dowry of some 2 million Portuguese Crowns, England also gained the North African port of Tangiers, trading privileges in the East Indies, and the ports of Bombay, India. His father was the ruler of the kingdoms of Scotland, England and Ireland. 1662: Act of Uniformity compels Puritans to accept the doctrines of the Church of England or leave the church. Other legislation placed strict limits on the press and on public assembly, and the 1662 Act of Uniformity created controls of education. By the end of the decade, Parliament, led by the Puritan Oliver Cromwell, was victorious. 1665: Outbreak of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. An exclusive body of Anglican clergy and a well-armed landed gentry were the principal beneficiaries of Charles II’s restoration. Supporters in Scotland offered him the throne if he supported home rule. Charles’s wife, Queen Catherine, failed to produce a male heir, and by 1677 many feared his Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, would assume the throne. Childless, his will named Phillip Anjou as successor to the throne, leaving the Spanish Empire in uproar and reeling into the War of Spanish Succession. After years of Oliver Cromwell became the dictator of England. Primary Sources King Charles II. He gained the throne after the collapse of the English Protectorate, over a decade after his father, Charles I of England, was overthrown and executed. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Their first son was born about a year before Charles… After the execution of his father, Charles II lived in exile until he was crowned King of England, Ireland and Scotland in 1661. His father was Charles I of England, who was executed after losing a war with Parliament. [26 June 1644 N.S.]) Even Cromwell’s death did little to improve his prospects. What emperor was known as the “Little Corporal? Further investigation revealed no conspiracy existed, but anti-Catholic hysteria in Parliament led to false accusations against Charles’s chief advisor, Lord Danby. His parents were Charles I, who ruled the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Henrietta Maria, the sister of the French king Louis XIII.Charles was their second child. Get the best deals on Charles II. Charles was incapable of thrift; he found it painful to refuse petitioners. House: Stuart Affiliations: Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Charles II is the King of England, the elder brother of Henriette of England and Louis XIV‘s cousin. Whereas England was a Protestant nation, France had always remained loyal to the Catholic faith. When Oliver Cromwell took over England in 1645, he banned all celebrations surrounding the holiday. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. Alexander the Great served as king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 B.C. Charles II was born in St James's Palace, London. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. The Restoration saw the revival of the king, the Parliament and the Anglican Church. In 1642, civil war broke out between Parliament and Charles I over his claim of divine right to rule. For hundreds of years the French were seen as England's main European rivals. Cookies on this website. One of the reasons for this constant conflict concerned the subject of religion. Sensationally, he also offered to declare himself a Catholic in return for money. Charles, the son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria, was born in 1630.As Prince of Wales during the Civil War, Charles was placed in charge of the west of England and took part in the Battle of Edgehill in 1642.. After the defeat of the Royalist forces Charles … He brought back Christmas. The King Was In Trouble. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Charles II (29 May 1630–6 Feb 1685), Find a Grave Memorial no. Charles II - Charles II - Foreign policy: Charles cleared himself by dismissing his old adviser, Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, and tried to assert himself through a more adventurous foreign policy. His efforts to extend religious toleration to his Nonconformist and Roman Catholic subjects were sharply rebuffed in 1663, and throughout his reign the House of Commons was to thwart the more generous impulses of his religious policy. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Like his father, he believed he possessed the divine right to rule, but unlike Charles I, he didn’t make it his priority. Charles II, byname The Merry Monarch, (born May 29, 1630, London—died February 6, 1685, London), king of Great Britain and Ireland (1660–85), who was restored to the throne after years of exile during the Puritan Commonwealth. Charles II was the third Stuart King of England. Charles II signed a secret treaty with King Louis XIV of France in which England offered aid in a war against the Dutch in return for the French stalling their naval expansion. Updates? The French assistance allowed him a little more breathing room in his dealings with Parliament. Choose your favorite charles ii of england designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! November 1948 im Buckingham Palace, London, kurz: Prince Charles, deutsch: Prinz Charles) ist der Thronfolger des Vereinigten Königreiches.Er ist der älteste Sohn von Königin Elisabeth II. Charles II was born on 29 May 1630 to Charles I and his French wife, Henrietta Maria, and died on 6 February 1685. – 30 June 1670) was the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.. With Hyde’s help, Charles issued in April 1660 his Declaration of Breda, expressing his personal desire for a general amnesty, liberty of conscience, an equitable settlement of land disputes, and full payment of arrears to the army. He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death. Pixabay . Omissions? The Scottish army was routed by the English under Oliver Cromwell at Dunbar in September 1650, and in 1651 Charles’s invasion of England ended in defeat at Worcester. His poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia’s role in World War I led to his abdication and execution. Charles fled to the continent and spent nearly a decade in exile, forced to move from one country to another due to Cromwell’s reach. He persuaded his brother James to relinquish his command in the French army and gave him some regiments of Anglo-Irish troops in Spanish service, but poverty doomed this nucleus of a royalist army to impotence. He and Lucy Walter were associated. Shop for charles ii of england art from the world's greatest living artists. He converted to Catholicism just before his death in London on February 6, 1685. Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor. Professor of History, King's College, University of London. He had two brothers, named James and Henry, and a sister named Henrietta. Charles’s first wife, Marie Louise von Orléans (1662–1689), was the eldest daughter of the brother of Louis XIV, Duke Philip of Orléans, and Henrietta Anne of England. Quotes Now remembered primarily for … So far, his reign had made only modest contributions to England’s commercial advancement. Charles Scott, Earl of Doncaster (1672-1674) 3. Media in category "Charles II of England in Coronation robes (Wright)" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. The actual terms were to be left to a free parliament, and on this provisional basis Charles was proclaimed king in May 1660. z Portrait of Charles II © Charles II was king of England, Scotland and Ireland, whose restoration to the throne in 1660 marked the end of republican rule in England. Media in category "Charles II of England in Coronation robes (Wright)" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. For hundreds of years the French were seen as England's main European rivals. His vigorous attempts to save London during the Great Fire of September 1666 could not make up for the negligence and maladministration that led to England’s naval defeat in June 1667. The king had escaped England in 1651 and spent much of the next decade on the move; he firstly joined his mother at the French court before Cardinal Mazarin’s policy of allying with the English Protectorate saw Charles’s presence become a political embarrassment. 1662: Royal Society for the improvement of science founded: 1664: England seizes the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, changing its name to New York. His reign was also known as the Restoration Period. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). France and the Dutch United Provinces were closed to him by Cromwell’s diplomacy, and he turned to Spain, with whom he concluded a treaty in April 1656. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of Charles II, Westminster Abbey - Biography of Charles II, The Home of the Royal Family - Biography of Charles II, The History Learning Site - Biography of Charles II, English Monarchs - Biography of Charles II, Charles II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Charles II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Charles Beauclerk, 1st duke of Saint Albans. Bio: Charles II was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His father Charles I had been executed in 1649, following the English Civil War; the monarchy was then abolished and the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland became a republic under Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector (see Commonwealth of England and The Protectorate). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Charles II (1630–1685) was king of England from 1660 until his death. He was the son of Charles I Stuart, King of Great Britain and Henriette Marie de Bourbon, Princesse de France. Who was the longest living monarch in Japanese history? King Charles II assumed the throne in 1660. Fleeing England with her mother and governess at the age of three, Henrietta moved to the court of her first cousin, King Louis XIV of France, where she was known as Minette. Test your knowledge of the history of leadership with this quiz. The view of Charles II as a fun-loving, likeable person – the kind you would like to have round for dinner parties – has proved remarkably resilient, fostered in particular by popular historical biographies that have often succeeded in capturing the public’s imagination. https://www.biography.com/royalty/charles-ii-of-england. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The official style of Charles II was "Charles the Second, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc." To appease the public, Charles arranged for his niece, Mary, to wed the Protestant William of Orange. Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, served as empress of Russia for more than three decades in the late 18th century after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. Thus Charles emerged into precocious maturity, cynical, self-indulgent, skilled in the sort of moral evasions that make life comfortable even in adversity. During his time of leadership, he united Greece, reestablished the Corinthian League and conquered the Persian Empire. Charles II feared that a weakened England was now likely to be invaded by the French. He was bound by the concessions made by his father in 1640 and 1641, but the Parliament elected in 1661 was determined on an uncompromising Anglican and royalist settlement. Share with your friends. https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/charles-ii Henrietta of England (16 June 1644 O.S. The English, meanwhile, moved on to take Stirling and Dundee. He escaped to France with help from his loyal court. After the civil war and the execution of his father, he did not dare to return to England. His father was King Charles I and his mother was Henrietta Maria. He was their eldest surviving son. His father, Charles I, had been executed, and England was mainly ruled by Oliver Cromwell.Two years after Cromwell died, Charles was made king. Charles II, byname The Merry Monarch, (born May 29, 1630, London—died February 6, 1685, London), king of Great Britain and Ireland (1660–85), who was restored to the throne after years of exile during the Puritan Commonwealth. In exchange, Charles II agreed to honor the Petition of Right and accept a limited income. Charles II immediately dropped all the legislation and festivities resumed with renewed enthusiasm. Early Life. Charles II escaped, and fled to France once more. Marie Louise acted naively and with a lack of political ambition, making enemies at court and soon squandering any sympathies she A sketch of King Charles II. Although the Parliament voted the king an estimated annual income of £1,200,000, Charles had to wait many years before his revenues produced such a sum, and by then the damage of debt and discredit was irreparable. 1975, citing Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England ; Maintained by Find A Grave . Charles II Stuart, King of England, King of Ireland, King of Scotland, was born 29 May 1630 in St.James's Palace, England, United Kingdom to Charles I of England (1600-1649) and Henrietta Marie de Bourbon (1609-1669) and died 6 February 1685 inWhitehall, England, United Kingdom of unspecified causes. His political adaptability and his knowledge of men enabled him to steer his country through the convolutions of the struggle between Anglicans, Catholics, and Dissenters that marked much of his reign. Charles II of England It is upon the navy under the good Providence of God that the safety, honour, and welfare of … King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Quotations by Charles II, Royalty, Born May 29, 1630. But the sacrifice of friends and principles was futile and left him deeply embittered. The descendants of Charles II of England, Stuart monarch of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland, are numerous; lines of his many illegitimate children exist to this day.
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