On June 25, 1950, ten divisions of the North Korean People’s Army (KPA) launched a surprise invasion of their neighbor to the south. The war seemed all but over in October as UNC forces streamed into the north, the US 8th Army to the west of the impassable Taebaek mountains, the ROK I Corps and US X Corps to the east, reinforced by the US 1st Marine landing at Wonsan.  North and South would be reunited by the end of the year, and everyone would be home by Christmas.Â. Tootsie Roll Industries has always sent the candy and continues to do so, to this day. "The fighting at the Chosin Reservoir was the most violent small unit fighting in the history of American warfare. On June 25, 1950, ten divisions of the North Korean People’s Army (KPA) launched a surprise invasion of their neighbor to the south. The ground froze so hard that bulldozers could not dig emplacements for our Artillery. Capt William Barber Major Reginald Meyers Pfc William Baugh Pvt Hector Cafferata S/Sgt Robert Kennemore; Capt Carl Sitter: Sgt James Johnson: 1st Lt Frank Mitchell: Lt Col John Page: The future is uncertain, but Korean rapprochement comes too late for Lou Hudner and Jesse Brown.  Thomas Jerome “Lou” Hudner passed away at his home in Concord, Massachusetts, on November 13, 2017, and was buried a with honors, at Arlington National Cemetery.  He was 93.  The remains of Jesse LeRoy Brown were never recovered from that North Korean mountainside. How to say Chosin in English? Tell me a truth, and I'll believe. The only solution for the Marines was a hasty retreat from Chosin to Hamhung, a seemingly impossible task considering the bloody attacks by the Chinese. Korean War: Battle of Chosin Reservoir. Hickman, Kennedy. Medical supplies froze.  Morphine syrettes had to be thawed in the medic’s mouth, prior to use.  Frozen blood plasma was useless.  Just to cut off clothing to deal with a wound, risked frostbite.  Perhaps worst of all, gun lubricants turned to gel and springs froze.  There must be no more demoralizing sound in combat than the impotent click of a firing pin, too weak to work. "Frozen Chosin" is what veterans call it.... Read More. The 38,000-man army of the Republic of Korea (ROK) didn’t have a chance against 89,000 men sweeping down in six columns from the north. Holding his position at Hagaru-ri, Smith ordered the 5th and 7th Marines to abandon the area around Yudam-ni and link up with the rest of the division. It was deadly, it was brutal and with temperatures colder than 25 degrees below zero, it was frozen. Joe Quick is one of “The Chosin Few”. The 38,000-man army of the Republic of Korea didn’t have a chance against 89,000 men sweeping down in six columns from the north. They will be holding a reunion in Las Vegas in September 2006, but they do not, as yet, have a web site. An hour later, Koenig radio’d Brown that his aircraft appeared to be trailing fuel.  Chinese infantry were known to hide in the snow, and ambush incoming aircraft.  It’s likely that Brown was hit by small arms fire, from the ground.  Losing oil pressure with the aircraft all but impossible to control, Brown had no choice but to crash land on a snow covered mountain side. What at first seemed a screw-up of biblical proportions, soon proved a blessing in disguise. He was 88 at the time. While not a victory in the classic sense, the withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir is revered as a high point in the history of the US Marine Corps. The cold impeded our weapons from firing automatically, slowing down the recoil of our artillery and automatic weapons. The only way into our ranks is to have paid the dues of … Fighting a brutal three-day battle, the Marines entered Hagaru-ri on December 4. Hudner was one of 17 Americans who earned the Medal of Honor during the Chosin campaign, more than in any other battle of the Korean War. US Army losses numbered around 2,000 killed and 1,000 wounded. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/korean-war-battle-of-chosin-reservoir-2360849. At a mountain reservoir called Chang Jin (we called it “Chosin”) temperatures ranged from minus five degrees below zero in the day to minus twenty-five degrees below zero at night. As it became apparent that the soldiers and Marines at the Chosin were facing an enemy that had surrounded them and outnumbered them more than 10 to 1, and in the face of similar opposing forces facing the 8th Army in the west, the drive to the Yalu halted and a withdrawal was … Weird things about the name Chosin: The name spelled … By mid-1950 after the successful landing at Inchon by the US X Corps and the subsequent destruction of the Korean People's Army, the Korean War appeared to be all but over. There’s a paper candy wrapper in the snow at his feet. During the attack, the B Company, 31st Infantry, became separated and isolated along the road. RCT-31, later known as Task Force Faith, was low on supplies and ammo. In July of 2013, Thomas Hudner returned to the North Korean capital of Pyongyang, in fulfillment of a 63-year-old promise.  “We’ll come back for you“. Seventy years ago the 1st Marine Division was fighting in the mountains around the Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War as Navy … Weather conditions were savage at the “Frozen Chosin”, a Siberian cold front dropping day-time highs to -5° Fahrenheit, with lows exceeding -25°.  Vehicles and radios failed to start in the cold, and medical supplies froze.  Morphine syrettes had to be thawed in the medic’s mouth, prior to use.  Frozen blood plasma was useless.  Just to cut off clothing to deal with a wound, risked frostbite.  Perhaps worst of all, gun lubricants turned to gel and springs froze.  There must be no more demoralizing sound in combat, than the impotent click of a firing pin, too weak to work. Everything had a code name to throw off Chinese anti-aircraft units. 15,000 soldiers and Marines suffered 12,000 casualties before it was over: 3,000 dead, 6,000 wounded and thousands of frostbite cases. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Courtesy Photo/Released 110812-M-XX000-001.JPG Marine losses in the campaign numbered 836 killed and 12,000 wounded. We’ll come back for you”, he said.  Jesse Brown could no longer hear. It was also one of the coldest battles in history and often referred to as “Frozen Chosin.” It was during the coldest winter in 100 years in North Korea that 15,000 fighters, mostly Marines, were surrounded by 120,000 Chinese and North Korean soldiers at Chosin Reservoir. Pressing on, Drysdale's men ran a gauntlet of fire and reached Hagaru-ri with the bulk of 41 Commando, G Company, and the tanks. General Douglas MacArthur during the Inchon landings, September 1950. Dozens of close air support missions were being flown every day to keep the Chinese army at bay. The “Chosin Few” were all but surrounded by the morning of the twenty-eighth, locked in a fight for their lives. While the Marines were fighting to the west, the 31st Regimental Combat Team (RCT) of the 7th Infantry was battling for its life on the eastern shore of the reservoir. Fought in bitterly cold conditions, the resulting battle quickly entered US Marine Corps lore as the Marines, with support from the US Army, fought tenaciously to escape from the Chinese. Chosin Reservoir Medal of Honor Recipients Click On Images Or Names Below To Read Recipients Citations. The name "Chosin" is derived from the Japanese pronunciation "Chōshin", instead of the Korean pronunciation. One war correspondent asked 1st Marine General Oliver Prince Smith if they were retreating. Marines sent out a frantic call for 60-mm mortar ammunition, code named “Tootsie Rolls”. One of eleven to be so honored following the battle of the Chosin Reservoir, Hudner would remain the only Naval aviator awarded the Medal of Honor, during the entire conflict in Korea. Complying, Puller formed a force consisting of Lieutenant Colonel Douglas B. Drysdale's 41 Independent Commando (Royal Marines Battalion), G Company (1st Marines), B Company (31st Infantry), and other rear echelon troops. Alerted to their predicament, Almond ordered the commander of the 1st Marine Division, Major General Oliver P. Smith, to begin a fighting retreat back towards the coast. Two days later, Smith's command began fighting their way back to Koto-ri. Battling overwhelming odds, the Marines and other elements of X Corps attacked continuously as they moved towards the port of Hungnam. For nearly eight long weeks, Quick and 20,000 other U.S. Marines braved overwhelming enemy odds in… Weather conditions were savage at the “Frozen Chosin”, a Siberian cold front dropping day-time highs to -5° Fahrenheit, with lows exceeding -25°. “Retreat? American forces and ROKA defenders were in danger of being hurled into the sea. The Marines called it the "Chosin" Reservoir becausethat is what their Japanese-based maps called it. Flying overhead, Hudner could see his wing man below, severely injured, his leg trapped in the crumpled cockpit, struggling to get out of the burning aircraft. The two were considering Jesse’s plea that they amputate his trapped leg with that axe, when the pilot faded away for the last time. The Battle of Chosin Reservoir was fought from November 26 to December 11, 1950 during the Korean War (1950-1953). The pair could not have come from more different backgrounds, but both men became  carrier pilots with the United States Navy, and served together during the conflict in Korea. ThoughtCo, Sep. 16, 2020, thoughtco.com/korean-war-battle-of-chosin-reservoir-2360849. Within hours, the shattered remnants of the Republic of Korea Army and its government were retreating south toward their capital of Seoul. Encountering elements of Major General Edward Almond's X Corps, including the 1st Marine Division, they attempted to overwhelm the Americans near the Chosin Reservoir. While most were killed or captured, some were able to escape back to Koto-ri. With no way to build a fire and frozen rations unusable, those Tootsie rolls were all that stood between survival and starvation. In November, the People’s Republic of China entered the conflict in support of their Communist neighbor. By the ton. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Breakout From The Frozen Chosin. [We were] seventy-eight miles from the sea, surrounded, supplies cut, facing an enemy whose sole objective was the annihilation of the First Marine Division as a warning to other United Nations troops, and written off as lost by the high command“. Jesse LeRoy Brown, the first Black Naval Aviator in American history, became the first to die, sixty-eight years ago, today.  He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Purple Heart,  posthumously. The Frozen Chosen is an account of the breakout from the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea by the First Marine Division from November to December 1950, following the intervention of Red China in the Korean War. Less than a week ago, a South Korean train crossed the demilitarized zone into North Korea, a move which would have been unheard of, for much of the last seventy years. American pilots recited the Lord’s prayer, as they watched his body being consumed by the flames. Marine units proceeded to the west, the Army’s 31st Regimental Combat Team to the east. Fun Facts about the name Chosin. After 60 years of silence, the survivors of the Chosin Reservoir Campaign of the Korean War take us on an emotional and heart-pounding journey through one of the most savage battles in American history. Hickman, Kennedy. Browning. “Retired U.S. Navy Capt. On October 25, 1950, with General Douglas MacArthur's United Nations forces closing in a victorious end to the Korean War, Communist Chinese forces began pouring across the border. He’s one of the members of the 7th Regiment, 1st Marine Division that led the way up and back from the Chosin Reservoir during the early months of the Korean War. The cold numbed our minds, froze our fingers and toes and froze our rations. It advertises itself as a thrilling account of the Battle for the Chosin Reservoir and its surrounding region during the Korean War. The Frozen Chosin Trail race honors the Korean War battle at the Chosin Reservoir and the unimaginable determination to survive. "Korean War: Battle of Chosin Reservoir." But tell me a story, and it will live in my heart forever." Repeatedly assaulted by the 80th and 81st PLA divisions, the 3,000-man 31st RCT was worn down and overrun. Morphine syrettes had to be thawed in the medic’s mouth, prior to use. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year. They had to leave. At a mountain reservoir called Chang Jin (we called it “Chosin”) temperatures ranged from minus five degrees below zero in the day to minus twenty-five degrees below zero at night. Monday, Apr 07, 1997. Over two weeks of bitter combat, fifteen thousand soldiers and Marines fought their way over seventy-eight miles of gravel road, back to the sea. The Korean War Gallery at the National Marine Corps Museum in Quantico features a lone Marine, 30-mm machine gun at the ready, marching out of the frozen wastes of the Chosin reservoir.  There’s a paper candy wrapper in the snow at his feet.  Though age has diminished their numbers, the “Chosin Few” still get together, for the occasional reunion.  Tootsie Roll Industries has always sent the candy and continues to do so, to this day. Weather conditions were savage at the “Frozen Chosin”, a Siberian cold front dropping day-time highs to -5° Fahrenheit, with lows exceeding -25°.  Vehicles and radios failed to start in the cold. Directed by Brian Iglesias. Hell”, Smith said, “we are attacking in another direction”.

In November 1950 The US 1st Marine Division was trapped in the Chosin Reservoir following the intervention of Red China in the Korean War. Somebody didn’t read up on his code book. National Archives and Records Administration. Most of the latter were frostbite injuries inflicted by the severe cold and winter weather. The Inch’ŏn landing was one of the great operations in military history, recapturing the capital and all but destroying North Korean military operations in the South. On June 25, 1950, ten divisions of the North Korean People’s Army launched a surprise invasion of their neighbor to the south. Most of the KPA was committed to doing just that, as plans were hastily drawn up for an amphibious landing on Inch’ŏn, the port outlet for the South Korean capital of Seoul. North Korea. Within hours, the shattered remnants of the Republic of Korea Army and its government were retreating south toward their capital of Seoul. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. What at first seemed a screw-up of biblical proportions, soon proved a blessing in disguise.  With no way to build a fire and frozen rations unusable, those Tootsie rolls were all that stood between survival and starvation. The author relies heavily on first-person accounts by survivors of Chosin campaign, which makes for poignant and captivating reading. Thomas McKelvey Cleaver is the author of The Frozen Chosen: The 1st Marine Division and the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir, from which this article was adapted. Some survivors of the unit reached the Marine lines at Hagaru-ri on December 2. Cutting through the enemy, the last of the "Frozen Chosin" reached Hungnam on December 11. North Korea is divided thro… The soldiers who fought there would later become known as the ‘Frozen … Poorly prepared and under-strength for what they were about to face, units of the 24th Division United States Army were hastily sent from bases in Japan. Battle of Chosin Reservoir in North a twoweek struggle against overwhelming Chinese forces 46 years All suffer ... Chosin Reservoir was one of the most heroic battles of the Korean War," Lee said. Battle of Chosin Reservoir order of battle is a list of the significant units that fought in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir between November 27, 1950 and December 13, 1950. Two days later, the site was bombed with napalm, to prevent the aircraft and the body from falling into Chinese or North Korean hands.  Jesse Brown’s body was still stuck in the cockpit though, by this time, his clothes had been removed. Pronunciation of Chosin with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Chosin. Survival depended on air drops from US Navy Task Force 77 running 230 forays per day providing close-air support, food, medicine & combat supplies, and US Air Force Far East Combat Cargo Command in Japan, airdropping 250-tons of supplies.  Every day. In northeastern Korea, the US X Corps, led by Major General Edward Almond, was strung out with its units unable to support each other. By the end of November, 30,000 UN troops were spread along a 400-mile line near the Chosin Reservoir, all but overrun and fighting for their lives against 150,000 Chinese forces of the “People’s Volunteer Army (PVA). Upon reaching Hungnam, the veterans of Chosin Reservoir were evacuated as part of the large amphibious operation to rescue UN troops from northeastern Korea. Frozen blood plasma was useless. Frozen Chosin. Pushing up the road to Hargaru-ri, the task force became bogged down after being ambushed by Chinese troops. – Steve Sabol, NFL Films. Other names were ‘Ned, the Anointed,’ which meant he was a favorite of General MacArthur’s, and ‘Ned, the Dread,’ which referred to his power, his … Jesse LeRoy Brown was born in 1926 in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, the son of a schoolteacher and a warehouse worker.   A mixed-race young man of African, Chickasaw and Choctaw ancestry, Jesse grew up in a time of real discrimination.  Brown had all the disadvantages of a black child growing up under depression-era segregation, but his parents kept him on the “straight & narrow”.  Julia and John Brown made sure their kids stuck with their studies.  Such parental devotion would serve them well. The South Koreans, ... Other names were 'Ned, the Anointed,' which meant he was a favorite of General MacArthur's, The “Chosin Few” were all but surrounded by the morning of the twenty-eighth, locked in a fight for their lives. The PVA launched multiple attacks and ambushes over the night of November 27. Contents 1 US and UK forces Over two weeks of bitter combat, fifteen thousand soldiers and Marines fought their way over seventy-eight miles of gravel road, back to the sea. Untold thousands of Tootsie roll wrappers littered the seventy-eight miles back to the sea.  Most credit their survival to the energy provided by the chocolate candy.  It turns out that frozen tootsie rolls make a swell putty too, useful for patching up fractured hoses and vehicles. By the end of November, 30,000 UN troops were spread along a 400-mile line near the Chosin Reservoir, all but overrun and fighting for their lives against 150,000 Chinese forces of the “People’s Volunteer Army (PVA). While not a victory in the classic sense, the withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir is revered as a high point in the history of the US Marine Corps. A highlight of the campaign occurred on December 9, when a bridge was constructed over a 1,500-ft. gorge between Koto-ri and Chinhung-ni using prefabricated bridge sections dropped by the US Air Force. American forces and ROKA defenders were in danger of being hurled into the sea.  Most of the KPA was committed to doing just that, as plans were hastily drawn up for an amphibious landing on Inch’ŏn, the port outlet for the South Korean capital of Seoul. on November 28, 1952 The Great Tootsie Roll Drop, on November 28, 1950 Of Courage, and Candy, November 28, 1952 The Great Tootsie Roll Drop, https://www.adammakos.com/devotion-book.html. The battles of the Chosin campaign, which had a decisive impact on the future course of the war, were fought in the ten day period between Nov. 27 and Dec. 6, 1950. They came from everywhere: California, Alabama, Wyoming, and Texas, to name a few. battle of chosin reservoir Whatever we were in that frozen long-ago and whatever we are now, we are bound as one for life in an exclusive fraternity of honor. Untold thousands of Tootsie roll wrappers littered the seventy-eight miles back to the sea.  Most credit their survival to the energy provided by the chocolate candy.  It turns out that frozen tootsie rolls make a swell putty too, useful for patching up busted hoses and vehicles. Precise casualties for the Chinese are not known but are estimated between 19,202 to 29,800. Advancing quickly, the Ninth Army Group of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) blunted X Corps advance and swarmed around the UN troops at Chosin. “Wingmen to the End” by Gareth Hector Hat tip Adam Makos, author of “Devotion, an epic story of heroism, friendship and sacrifice”, https://www.adammakos.com/devotion-book.html. A Marine Corps helicopter landed at 15:00, piloted by Lieutenant Charles Ward.  The two went at the stricken aircraft with an axe for 45 minutes, but could not free the trapped pilot. There is an organization called "The Chosin Few" composed of veterans of the Chosin Reservoir -- the 1st Marine Division and the 31st Army Infantry Regiment. Fought during the worst blizzard in a century, the ensuing battle is considered by the United States Marine Corps to be 'the Corps' Finest Hour.' One war correspondent asked 1st Marine General Oliver Prince Smith if they were retreating. Battle of the Chosin Reservoir, Chosin also called Changjin, campaign early in the Korean War, part of the Chinese Second Offensive (November–December 1950) to drive the United Nations out of North Korea.The Chosin Reservoir campaign was directed mainly against the 1st Marine Division of the U.S. X Corps, which had … Hell”, Smith said, “we are attacking in another direction”. Three days ago, Hudner’s wife of fifty years Georgea was on-hand to witness the United States Navy commission its newest naval warship in Boston.  The Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer, USS Thomas Hudner. Hickman, Kennedy. Survival depended on air drops from US Navy Task Force 77 running 230 forays per day providing close-air support, food, medicine & combat supplies, and US Air Force Far East Combat Cargo Command in Japan, airdropping 250-tons of supplies. Colonel Lewis "Chesty" Puller, November 1950. By December, 120,000 troops of the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army (PVA) had all but overrun the 15,000 men of the US X Corps, who found themselves surrounded in the frozen wasteland of the Chosin Reservoir. “Night was coming on” Hudner later explained, “and the helicopter was not equipped to fly in the dark. Everything had a code name to throw off Chinese anti-aircraft units.  A frantic call went out for 60-mm mortar ammunition, code named “Tootsie Rolls”.  Somebody didn’t read up on the code book, and that’s what they got.  Chocolate candy, by the ton.Â. On November 29, Smith contacted Colonel "Chesty" Puller, commanding the 1st Marine Regiment, at Koto-ri and asked him to assemble a task force to re-open the road from there to Hagaru-ri. Thomas Jerome Hudner, Jr. was born in 1924, the son of a successful Irish grocer from Fall River, Massachusetts who went on to attend the prestigious Phillips Academy in Andover, in 1939. The United Nations security council voted to send troops to the Korean peninsula. (2020, September 16). The Inch’ŏn landing was one of the great operations in military history, recapturing the capital and all but destroying North Korean military operations in the South.  Meanwhile, a storm was building north of the border, in the form of a quarter-million front-line Chinese troops, assembling in Manchuria. Clifford Meyer remembers: “During November 1950 the First Marine Division with elements of two Regimental combat teams of the U.S. Army, a Detachment of British Commandos and some South Korean Policemen — about 15,000 men — faced the Chinese Communist Army’s ten Divisions totaling 120,000 men. Jesse Brown’s last words were “Tell Daisy I love her”. Out of 6,028,151 records in the U.S. Social Security Administration public data, the first name Chosin was not present. The problem with The Frozen Chosen comes in what it is advertised as. ThoughtCo. Numbering 900 men, the 140-vehicle task force departed at 9:30 AM on the 29th, with Drysdale in command. “Generally, he was known to his friends and close associates as Ned. He scooped snow onto the fire with his bare hands in the 15° cold, burning himself in the process as Brown faded in and out of consciousness. How unique is the name Chosin? Fighting -30 degree temps, high … Within hours, the shattered remnants of the army of the ROK and its government, were streaming south toward the capital of Seoul. On December 6th, I was wounded (shot to upper leg) and was flown out of the Frozen Chosin to Japan for treatment, then eventually onto California and the Great Lakes Naval Hospital. Except, that’s not how things worked out. Fought during the worst blizzard in a century, it is considered by the United States Marine Corps to be “the Corps' … During my Marine service, I was in WPNS Co. 2nd Bat., 7th Regt. Recently, American President Donald Trump has worked toward a thaw in relations on the Korean peninsula, in cooperation with South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un. With word they would be home by Christmas, the units of X Corps moved into the Chosin Reservoir perimeter. Over the next three days the 1st Marine Division successfully defended their positions at Yudam-ni and Hagaru-ri against Chinese human wave assaults. Clifford Meyer remembers: “During November 1950 the First Marine Division with elements of two Regimental combat teams of the U.S. Army, a Detachment of British Commandos and some South Korean Policemen — about 15,000 men — faced the Chinese Communist Army’s ten Divisions totaling 120,000 men. In the fighting, the Marines and other UN troops effectively … Fighting for their lives in the frozen wastes of Chosin, that’s what they got. Vehicles and radios failed to start in the cold, and medical supplies froze. [We were] seventy-eight miles from the sea, surrounded, supplies cut, facing an enemy whose sole objective was the annihilation of the First Marine Division as a warning to other United Nations troops, and written off as lost by the high command“. Thomas Hudner, left, meets Commander Nathan Scherry following the christening of the USS Thomas Hudner in Bath, Maine, on April 1, 2017. The PVA launched multiple attacks and ambushes over the night of November 27. Chocolate candy. Though age has diminished their numbers, the “Chosin Few” still get together, for the occasional reunion. Hat Tip, National Museum of the Marine Corps, Korean War Gallery. Every day. Following the Chinese decision to intervene in the Korean War in October, their forces began crossing the Yalu River in large numbers. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Thomas Hudner was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on that frozen mountainside. At 13:38 on December 4, Thomas “Lou” Hudner took off from the carrier USS Leyte, part of a six-aircraft flight with squadron executive officer Lieutenant Commander Dick Cevoli, Lieutenant George Hudson, Lieutenant Junior Grade Bill Koenig, Ensign Ralph McQueen and Hudner’s wingman, Ensign Jesse LeRoy Brown. Political relations with the “Hermit Kingdom” of North Korea were as frigid at that time as the frozen mountains of the Chosin Reservoir, yet Hudner received permission to return to the site. Smith was then to prepare for an advance to the Manchurian border,135 miles distant. Their … Poorly prepared and under-strength for what they were about to face, units of the 24th Division United States Army were hastily sent from bases in Japan. Cutting through the enemy, the last of the "Frozen Chosin" reached Hungnam on December 11. Salina Journal . Then, Communist China entered the conflict at “frozen Chosin,” shifting the war’s momentum again. With a narrow, labyrinthine channel and a tidal variation of nearly 30-feet, Inch’ŏn was a terrible choice for a major amphibious landing, with no more than a six-hour window permitting use of the beaches. The Korean War Gallery at the National Marine Corps Museum in Quantico features a lone Marine, 30-mm machine gun at the ready, marching out of the frozen wastes of the Chosin reservoir. In the frigid 1950 Korean winter, U.N forces were surrounded and outnumbered 8 to 1! The next day, the 5th and 7th Marines attacked from their positions near Yudam-ni, on the west bank of the reservoir, with some success against the PLA forces in the area.

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