The limitation of the convention in addressing the needs of refugees, the claim to national self by states, and the exclusion of refugees from society needs to be addressed. Refugees endangered and dying due to EU reliance on fences and gatekeepers. The refugee crisis is arguably one of most urgent political issues facing European countries in recent history. Newman, Lauren A., "The Holy See and the Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Study of the Catholic Church's Soft Power" (2019). The most vulnerable group of refugees is children. Hundreds of civilians were killed when rockets filled with sarin, a nerve agent, were fired on suburbs surrounding Damascus, Syria’s capital city. I like the discount system and your anti-plagiarism policy. The history of Syria is long and rich. United Nations, Treaty Series. Human rights scholars argue that the definition of refugee coined by the U.N. is too strict, leaving millions of people who may not specifically fit into their guidelines unprotected by international or human rights law. Boswell, C. (2000). Writing the Syrian Refugees Argumentative Essay: Basic Steps. Honors Theses. Joseph Nye’s definition of soft power provided a useful framework to analyze the Church’s actions. Many have drowned at sea, died of hypothermia, starvation and illness (Human Rights Watch, 2015). In Lebanon and Jordan, at least 70 percent of refugee families live below the poverty line in decaying, overcrowded rooms without privacy, electricity or running water. “An essential part of group self-determination is exercising control over what the ‘self’ is” (Wellman & Cole, 2011, p. 41). (1951). We will use the five paragraph essay structure, so the steps are as follows: Find an intriguing topic on the subject of Syrian refugees. The New York Times. Illegal push-backs of asylum-seekers have become an intrinsic feature of any EU external border located on major migration routes and no one is doing much to stop them” (Amnesty International, 2015, para. Human Rights Watch. Newman, E., & Selm, J. V. (2003). The tension between claims of national interest and protection of human rights brings to light the need for inclusive policy. Freedom of movement, as guaranteed and recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a human right, essential to human dignity. Political theorists, Wellman and Cole (2011) argue that open borders are essential to the equality of human beings. [Video file]. Syrian refugees … However, this is challenged by protectionist claims by nation states, and stereotyping of refugees as threats to national security. And those who remain in Syria … The evolving definition of the refugee in contemporary international law. community is the Syrian Refugee Crisis. The contemporary international law status of the right to receive asylum. While the world is still torn about how to deal with refugees, countries like France and Canada have provided shelter to thousands of Syrian refugees … Thank you very much for the … (2015). The situation has only escalated since its start in 2011, and as the number of displaced Syrians reaches over 9 million, countries around the world, not just the ones … The Syrian political conditions … With no end in sight, Syria remains the largest refugee crisis in the world. This will mitigate the economic and social concerns of Western nations aiding refugees. The evolution of the international refugee system. … Convention refugees, of course, compromise only one category of uprooted people; the category does not encompass causes of refugee status such as genocide in Rwanda; the use of rape as a weapon of war or ethnic cleansing in the former provinces of Yugoslavia; the deployment of child soldiers in Sierra Leone or Sudan; private wars among warlords in Liberia and Somalia; or massive bombings of civilians for political, ethnic or nationalistic reasons such as the Israeli bombings of villages in South Lebanon or the Russian bombings of villages in Chechnya. The ethical claim to human dignity, inclusive economics, and social justice should be central to public policy as well. Cole claims that there are no moral distinctions between citizens and outsiders, and therefore “the exclusion of ‘outsiders from the distribution of goods within our political community stands in need of moral justification” (Wellman & Cole, 2011, p. 178). This is a formal argumentative research essay. Similarly, it mainly encourages the reader to read more. Arendt’s belief in human dignity and equality and Sen’s inclusive economics can be used to understand how the developed states could better deal with the Syrian Refugee Crisis, and ensure freedom of movement to those fleeing the war. There is an emphasis on the idea of dignity as essential to the concept of human rights. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/world/europe/a-mass-migration-crisis-and-it-may-yet-get-worse.html?_r=0, Park, J. Fear of persecution may include asylum seekers as well. It is important to note here that this categorization also highlights the restrictive nature of the Convention. Retrieved from  http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/the-economics-of-syrian-refugees. 10). According to an Amnesty International (2015) study, “Refugees Endangered and Dying Due to EU Reliance on Fences and Gatekeepers”, countries have built fences to protect their borders and have blatantly denied them access to asylum. Essays are the most common type of academic paper – and sometimes, you are assigned just too many of them. Refugee). Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/refugees-endangered-and-dying-due-to-eu-reliance-on-fences-and-gatekeepers/. In order to analyze the Church’s response, this paper looks at the statements of the Holy See’s mission to the United Nations as well as statements and actions of local churches that address the conflict on the ground in Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/06/19/mediterranean-migration-crisis/why-people-flee-what-eu-should-do, United Nations General Assembly. In Europe, but primarily in the United States, recent legislation has instituted a host of new procedural barriers to asylum applications, as well as measures such as prolonged detention of asylum seekers, expedited removal proceedings, denial of access to judicial review of refugee claims, restrictions on the ability of refugees or asylum seekers to obtain authorization to work, and restrictions on basic benefits necessary for refugees to survive(p. 216). Understanding Syria: From pre-Civil War to post-Assad. Home | (2015). The economics of Syrian refugees. These statements were … Gallagher (1989) notes. Undoubtedly, it is one of the largest … The second class includes individuals who may have once been recognized as refugees, but are now considered threats to the national security of their country of refuge. Contact Webmaster. Closed Societies? It is estimated that 80% of arrivals will leave within 3 months, which is not surprising considering the unappealing nature of the camps (Elliott). For example, on the Macedonian-Greek border, thousands of Syrian refugees … This is based off of rational behavior, which includes internal consistency of choice and maximization of self-interest, which is the correspondence between the choices that person makes and their self-interest. Rebel forces, which include ISIS, have waged a campaign of terror, inflicted severe punishments on those who transgress or refuse to accept its rules, including hundreds of public executions and amputations. The Catholic Church joins governments and NGOs in responding to the conflict, but modern scholarship has not focused heavily on its role. The U.N.’s definition of a refugee underscores that this person is out of his or her country of origin; this differentiates refugees from internally displaced persons (Newman & Van Selm, 2003). European values and the asylum crisis. UNHCR estimates that since 2011, 5.6 million people have fled Syria, and millions more are displaced within Syria as the war continues. However, this emphasis on state sovereignty and the national self has meant that states have rights to deny asylum. It does not include stateless persons, internally displaced persons etc. The Syrian Civil War has left … The UNHCR assimilates the rights of refugee status to the grant of asylum. The Convention on Refugees focuses on the human rights of refugees; attends to the specific needs of refugees such as the right to asylum, non refoulement, and determines obligations of state parties. In recent times, the Syrian war has turned a whopping 22 million people into refugees. By 2012, a civil war engulfed Syria, with rebel groups and Assad’s forces battling over cities, villages, and countryside, killing thousands of civilians along the way, and denying civilians access to basic necessities. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has released estimates reaching over one million people from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq between the period January 2015 and March 2016. (2015). It is further developed, supported, and explained with the help of examples and evidence. Hartocollis, A. The New Yorker. Therefore, the self-interest of one person will not be the same as another’s, as everyone has different experiences within society. This question brings into tension the rights of sovereign states versus the ethical responsibility to protect. He argues that while in the short term, it may require reallocation of resources, in the long term the inclusive economy to support refugee programs will be beneficial to society. The international community drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Convention Concerning the Rights of Refugees (1951); they include the ethical and legal framework for the protection of human rights of refugees and obligates state parties to provide shelter and guarantee the right to non-refoulement, to those who seek refuge in their country for fear of persecution (Boswell, 2000). He claims “that the nature of modern economics has been substantially impoverished by the distance that has grown between economics and ethics” (Sen, 1987, p. 7). In addition, and very importantly, in an Annex to the Final Act of the Refugee Convention, the delegates to the convention that drafting the convention itself specifically observed that the receipt of refugees by states was an act of granting asylum (Worster, 2014, p. 489). Wellman argues that each nation has a sense of self, as do their people as part of that nation, therefore they are responsible for deciding who may enter their borders. Refugees and forced displacement: International security, human vulnerability, and the state. A mass migration crisis, and it may yet get worse. It is frequently symptomatic of restrictive tendencies toward refugees which themselves reflect elements of xenophobia and self-reservation(p. 194). Syrian refugees … Debating the Ethics of Immigration: Is There a Right to Exclude? Although millions have fled, thousands of citizens remain in Syria, and continue to suffer. Eveline Cioflec’s (2012) in “On Hannah Arendt: the Worldly In Between of Human Beings and its Ethical Consequences” illustrates Arendt’s belief in common responsibility that is within all human beings, and the importance of compassion and understanding for all of humanity. Currently the war in Syria … Copyright ©2021 Ramapo College Of New Jersey. A good thesis would examine a specific aspect of refugee crises and make an argument about why it is important. The International Migration Review, 23(3), 579-598. The unwilling movement from their homes distinguishes refugees from migrants (Worster, 2014). Develop your Supporting Details. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html. The humanitarian crisis in Syria demands nation states to rise to the moral and ethical responsibility to act and protect those trapped or fleeing the civil war in Syria. The social issues of cultural adaptation can be dealt with by providing support programs to refugees, and this in turn will lead towards greater understanding and respect for cultures. Gibney (1998) argues that by applying the Difference Principle globally, the immigration of people from poorer countries to richer countries would just be another part of creating initial inequality to the countries that receive immigration, but can overall benefit the global community by spreading the wealth. Susan Akram (1999) states that the number of people who do not fall under the U.N. Convention’s strict definition of refugee has been increasing in number, as victims of ethnic cleansing and genocide are not technically included. 22). In Turkey, authorities have detained refugees without access to lawyers. Worster, W. T. (2014). Accessibility Statement. Syria: The story of the conflict. The fundam… International law and the detention of refugees and asylum seekers. He notes, once that straitjacket of self-interested motivation is removed, it becomes possible to give recognition to the indisputable fact that the person’s agency can well be geared to considerations not covered-or at least not fully covered- by his or her own well-being. In August 2013, Assad’s forces allegedly inflicted chemical warfare on their own people. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Get started … Huffington Post gives 4 reasons to support accepting Syrian refugees Six Reasons in support of accepting Syrian refugees Argument in support of accepting Syrian refugees National Review critiques the policy National Review says we should be wary of accepting Syrian refugees Pros for Accepting Syrian Refugees One. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944), 76(3), 537-557. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/syria, Human Rights Watch. The provision of support structures and opportunities is important for them to be able to contribute to the economy. Write an interesting thesis statement. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868. This suggests that only certain people may qualify for refugee status, and this emphasizes the uniqueness and importance of the term refugee. The Syrian Migrant and Refugee Crisis has created 5.6 million refugees who have fled outside of Syria and 6.1 million internally displaced peoples within Syria. Instead of trying to shove off refugees on neighboring countries, there must be solidarity and unity amongst nations to recognize that the only thing that matters is restoring dignity to Syrian refugees, and instead of excluding them from society, should develop integrative policies that are all-inclusive, burden sharing, aimed to resettle Syrian refugees. [1] Olivia Dunn is a Law and Society Graduate of Ramapo College. The persecutions carried under the Assad regime, caused pro democracy uprisings in 2011, which turned into a violent and bloody civil war in Syria (Rodgers, Gritten, Offer & Asare, 2016). Assad though democratically elected, systemically denied rights to people. Syria presents a grave human rights crisis. The Atlantic. South African Journal of Philosophy, 31(4), 646-663. 24 No. Refugees who have made it into these countries have suffered further abuse. International Journal of Refugee Law, 26(4), 477-499. To start with, then Park has discussed the migration crisis in Europein the following way: "Migrants and refugees flooding into Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia have presented European leaders and policymakers with their greatest challenge since the debt crisis. Independent News. Retrieved from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/europes-migration-crisis, Polk, R. W. (2013). Gallagher, D. (1989). an ever increasing global refugee crisis. Through an analysis of the convention of refugee rights and state response to the refugee crisis, my essay argues for greater responsibility to protect human rights of refugees through inclusive economic policies. Turkish authorities have even forced refugees to return to their war torn home countries, completely violating international laws of non-refoulement (Amnesty International, 2015). “Insofar as utility-based welfarist calculus concentrates only on the well-being of the person, ignoring the agency aspect, or actually fails to distinguish between the agency aspect and the well-being aspect altogether, something of real importance is lost” (Sen, 1987, p. 45). (2016). (2015). The United States is both the number one resettlement destination for refugees2 from countries of first asylum, and the top ... particularly increasing the number of Syrian refugees … The reasons in which why someone is forced to leave their own homes is extremely varied. Compare and Contrast Thesis Statement In both the United States … Refugee, as stated in the convention, is “someone who has a well-founded fear of persecution for their gender, race, religion, or political beliefs, and must flee to another country” (Gallagher, 1989, p. 14). A video documentary by Human Rights Watch’s (2015) titled “Desperate Journey: Europe’s Refugee Crisis”, notes the journey of a mother who was compelled to resort to using smugglers to get her daughters from Syria to Turkey. Situations of mass influx and politically sensitive individual cases neatly juxtapose sovereign self-interest and international legal principles relating to refugees and fundamental human rights. Sen, A. The Syrian government chose to use chemical weapons on its own people. However, state practice and the Syrian refugee movements shows that it is not being upheld by states, in the pretext of national security. Advancing on Rawl’s Difference Principle, the idea that public policy must be used to benefit the least advantaged of society, he argues that higher taxes on the rich should be used to fund aid and welfare programs for refugees entering the country. Public Libraries … A statement like the one in step 1 “The Syrian refugee crisis has brought up a lot of fears and conflicts among European citizens.” is a good start but it doesn’t state an opinion. Home Although Assad denied responsibility for the chemical warfare, Western powers do not believe that the rebel forces have enough resources to obtain chemical weapons (Rodgers et al., 2016). The Journal of Value Inquiry, 46(4),    491-495. Cioflec, E. (2012). 2). The large majority of these individuals are from Syria, as the Syrian refugee crisis has become one of the most notable and problematic refugee crisis’ in recent years. Desperate Journey: Europe’s Refugee Crisis. I am satisfied Thesis Statement On Syrian Refugee Crisis with the services your provide to college students. Detention cannot be isolated from (it is sometimes conditioned by) actual or perceived abuse of the asylum process, or by like threats to the security of the state and the welfare of the community. Hidalgo, J. > Goodwin-Gill argue that “next to life itself, liberty of the person and freedom of movement are among the most precious of human rights, intimately linked to the general notion of liberty as autonomy or self-government” (Goodwin-Gill, 1986, p. 60). Berkeley Journal of International Law, 30(1), 94-160. > United Nations, Treaty Series. The video also portrays detention camps where refugees were fenced in like cattle, unable to leave or have any freedom of movement. The thesis statement should tell the reader what the paper is all about. My Account | Throughout history people have become refugees in order to escape war, natural disasters or political persecution (To name a few). 17). Wellman and Cole (2011), in their book, “Debating the Ethics of Immigration: Is There a Right to Exclude?”, argue that the state does have a right to exclude. Worster (2014) claims that documents protecting or granting asylum to refugees have been specifically worded to prioritize state sovereignty in order to show that it is the state’s right to grant asylum; no one else’s.

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